Information Systems: The e-Business Challenge Indisputable, e-Business is shaping the future inspiring a growing range of innovative business models. To bring it to the point: the Internet has redefined the way electronic business is performed. In an electronic supported business all relationships are transformed -may it be a seller-to buyer relationship or a an agency-to-citizen relationship. So for instance in commerce new business models incorporate various activities: promoting and communicating company and product information to a global user base; accepting orders and payments for goods and services; providing ongoing customer support; getting feedback and spurring collaboration for a new product development. There are several ways of further differentiating e-Business such as sketching some diversions on various levels: e-Commerce, e-Government; B2C, B2B, B2G, G2C; Customer Relationship Management, Business Intelligence and so on. Further distinctions may follow divergent criteria such as separating in business stages. Thus particular problem domains emerge. They all state of its own guiding the development of adequate information systems.

At last, a right up-to-the-minute volume on a topic of huge national and international importance. As governments around the world battle voter apathy, the need for new and modernized methods of involvement in the polity is becoming acute. This work provides information on advanced research and case studies that survey the field of digital government. Successful applications in a variety of government settings are delineated, while the authors also analyse the implications for current and future policy-making. Each chapter has been prepared and carefully edited within a structured format by a known expert on the individual topic.

Years of worldwide economic depression do not only shatter private-sector ?rms and strain public-sector budgets, they also test the viability of academic conf- ences and other scholarly events. Given this context it is remarkable how well the eighth EGOV conference maintained its standing as an annual international conference with a global reach. Submissions from Europe increased over those from other parts of the globe. However, the conference upheld its attractiveness toscholarsfromaroundtheworldasavenueofhighreputation.The2009EGOV conference brought together scholars and practitioners from ?ve continents and 32 countries. Previous EGOV conferences were dedicated to three main areas, which ov- lap in part: eGovernment, eGovernance, and eParticipation. While the overlap still exists, a vibrant and sizable community has formed around topics of p- ticipation, inclusion, and democracy in the digital age. For the ?rst time, with ePartthistopicalstrandorganizeditsownconferencewithseparateproceedings. ePartaims to reviewresearchadvances inbothsocialandtechnologicalscienti?c domains, seeking to demonstrate new concepts, methods and styles of eParti- pation. The Chairs of both conferences consider it important to maintain close links and are committed to co-locating the two events in the years to come.

At last, a right up-to-the-minute volume on a topic of huge national and international importance. As governments around the world battle voter apathy, the need for new and modernized methods of involvement in the polity is becoming acute. This work provides information on advanced research and case studies that survey the field of digital government. Successful applications in a variety of government settings are delineated, while the authors also analyse the implications for current and future policy-making. Each chapter has been prepared and carefully edited within a structured format by a known expert on the individual topic.

The annual EGOV conference assesses the state of the art in e-government/ e-governance and provides guidance for research, development and application in this fast-moving ?eld. EGOV 2005 in Copenhagen built on the achievements of the preceding conferences (EGOV 2004 in Zaragoza, EGOV 2003 in Prague, EGOV 2002 in Aix-en-Provence). The EGOV conferences have become a - union for academics and professionals worldwide. In that way, EGOV conf- ences provide both an exchange on the state of a?airs concerning e-government developments and a basis for networking and building the community. EGOV 2005 broughtsome changesin the outline and structure of the conf- ence. In line with the growing number of submissions the conference was more structured and the reviewing process was more formalized, adopting a doub- blind peer-review procedure. The new design of EGOV safeguards the scienti?c quality and guarantees up-to-date information together with a discussion of the state of the art and of emerging themes in the ?eld. Hence EGOV 2005 had both research sections and a workshop part. It comprised completed research and research in progress, workshopandposterpresentations,andaPhDstudentcolloquium.Theproce- ings volume published by Springer, Heidelberg includes the papers presented in the conferencepart. The volumepublished by Trauner,Linz contains the EGOV workshop and poster contributions.

DEXA 2004, the 15th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications, was held August 30 ? September 3, 2004, at the University of Zaragoza, Spain. The quickly growing spectrum of database applications has led to the establisment of more specialized discussion platforms (DaWaK Conference, EC-Web Conference, EGOVConference, Trustbus Conference and DEXA Workshop: Every DEXA event has its own conference proceedings), which were held in parallel with the DEXA Conference also in Zaragoza. In your hands are the results of much effort. The work begins with the preparation of the submitted papers, which then go through the reviewing process. The accepted papers are revised to final versions by their authors and are then arranged within the conference program. All culminates in the conference itself. For this conference 304 papers were submitted, and I want to thank to all who contributed to it; they are the real base of the conference. The program committee and the supporting reviewers produced altogether 942 referee reports, in average 3,1 reports per paper, and selected 92 papers for presentation. At this point we would like to say many thanks to all the institutions that actively supported this conference and made it possible. These were: * University of Zaragoza * FAW * DEXA Association * Austrian Computer Society

VI Preface Linz, August 2004 Roland Traunmuller Roland Traunmuller, University of Linz, Austria VIII Program Committee Program Committee IX Bartosz Nowicki, Rodan Systems, Poland Mariusz Momotko, Rodan Systems, Poland Robert Muller-Torok, University of Debrecen, Leipzig, BBVL, Germany Table of Contents Introduction e-Government: The Challenges Ahead. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Roland Traunmul ] ler and Maria Wimmer e-Democracy Electronic Democracy and Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Anders R. Olsson Young People and e-Democracy: Creating a Culture of Participation. . . . . . . . . . . 15 Zoe ] Masters, Ann Macintosh, and Ella Smith The Support for Different Democracy Models by the Use of a Web-Based Discussion Board. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Oystein Saebo and Hallgeir Nilsen The Framework of e-Democracy Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Wichian Chutimaskul and Suree Funilkul Networked ICT to Foster e-Democracy? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Peter Mambrey Interoperability Analysis of the Interoperability Frameworks in e-Government Initiatives. . . . . . . . 36 Luis Guijarro An Overview of DC-Based e-GovernmentMetadata Standards and Initiatives. . . . 40 Efthimios Tambouris and Konstantinos Tarabanis Enterprise Architecture for e-Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Beryl Bellman and Felix Rausch Information Integration or Process Integration? How to Achieve Interoperability in Administration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Ralf Klischewski Security Requirements Engineering for e-GovernmentApplications: Analysis of Current Frameworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Christos Kalloniatis, Evangelia Kavakli, and Stefanos Gritzalis XII Table of Contents Semantic Lexicons for Accessing Legal Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Maria-Teresa Sagri and Daniela Tiscornia Impact of e-Government Interoperability in Local Governments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Norbert Benamou, Alain Busson, and Alain Keravel Process Management e-Government Intermediation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Aljosa Pasic, Anne-Marie Sassen, and Alicia Garcia Comprehensive Process Management in Public Administrations - A Case Study

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Electronic Government, EGOV 2003, held in Prague, Czech Republic in September 2003. The 76 revised papers presented together with 19 papers from a concurrent workshop on global relations and regional development were carefully refereed and selected from close to 100 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on e-governance, e-democracy, change management, electronic service delivery, web services, models and methodology for e-government research, trust and security, knowledge management, geographical information systems, technical systems, and legal aspects.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on Electronic Government, EGOV 2002, held in Aix-en-Provence, France, in September 2002.The 78 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. As the first publication dedicated to electronic government, this book presents the state of the art in the field. The papers are organized in topical sections on introduction and framework, digital Olympics 2008, knowledge management, requirements, business process reengineering, electronic service delivery, designing innovative applications, electronic democracy, information society technologies program, implementing e-government, legal issues, technical issues, and various topics.

Information Systems: The e-Business Challenge Indisputable, e-Business is shaping the future inspiring a growing range of innovative business models. To bring it to the point: the Internet has redefined the way electronic business is performed. In an electronic supported business all relationships are transformed -may it be a seller-to buyer relationship or a an agency-to-citizen relationship. So for instance in commerce new business models incorporate various activities: promoting and communicating company and product information to a global user base; accepting orders and payments for goods and services; providing ongoing customer support; getting feedback and spurring collaboration for a new product development. There are several ways of further differentiating e-Business such as sketching some diversions on various levels: e-Commerce, e-Government; B2C, B2B, B2G, G2C; Customer Relationship Management, Business Intelligence and so on. Further distinctions may follow divergent criteria such as separating in business stages. Thus particular problem domains emerge. They all state of its own guiding the development of adequate information systems."

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Database and Export Systems Applications, DEXA 2002, held in Aix-en-Provence, France, in September 2002.The 89 revised full papers presented together with three invited papers and a position paper were carefully reviewed and selected from 241 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on Web, workflow, data warehouses and datamining, applications, XML, distributed systems, knowledge engineering, advanced databases, queries, information retrieval, and indexing.